Horse colic: causes, symptoms, treatment & prevention

Horse colic is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening conditions that horse owners face. With over 2,800 monthly searches for “horse colic” alone, it’s clear that many are looking for reliable, accessible answers. In this guide, we’ll explain what colic is in horses, explore its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and address critical questions like “Can a horse with colic be saved?”

What is horse colic?

Colic in horses refers to abdominal pain that can result from various digestive disturbances. While some cases are mild and resolve quickly, others can be severe and require immediate veterinary attention. Understanding the signs of colic in a horse and knowing what to do can make all the difference.

Horse colic definition:

At its core, horse colic is not a disease but a symptom. It may be caused by gas buildup, impaction, twisting of the intestines, or other gastrointestinal issues. Think of it as the horse equivalent of a severe stomachache—but one that can escalate quickly.

What causes colic in horses? 

There’s no single answer to what causes colic in a horse, but several risk factors increase the likelihood:

• Sudden changes in feed or routine: Read about ways in which you can change feed for horses safely.
• Inadequate water intake
• High-starch diets
• Sand ingestion (especially in dry, sandy environments)
• Parasites
• Stress or lack of turnout

Signs of colic

Recognizing horse colic symptoms early is critical. Here are common signs of colic in horses to watch for:

• Pawing or kicking at the belly
• Repeated lying down and getting up
• Rolling excessively
• Lack of appetite
• No manure production
• Sweating and rapid breathing
• Curling of the upper lip (Flehmen response)
• Stretching as if trying to urinate
• Looking back at the flanks

If your horse is showing signs of colic, call your veterinarian immediately.

Can a horse with colic be saved?

Yes, horses with colic can be saved, especially if the condition is caught early and treated promptly. Treatment ranges from pain management and fluid therapy to surgery in severe cases. The prognosis depends on the type and severity of the colic, the horse’s health, and how quickly intervention occurs.

Horse colic treatment

What to give a horse for colic

Only a veterinarian should administer medication, but Banamine (flunixin meglumine) is commonly used under veterinary guidance to control pain. Walking your horse may help relieve mild gas colic, but avoid overexertion.

Supportive supplements

While colic always requires veterinary input, certain natural supplements can support digestive health and help reduce the risk of colic:

Psyllium helps remove sand from the intestines, making it ideal for reducing the risk of sand colic. For healthy gastric function, a gastric support supplement can help lower the risk of gastric ulcers and spasmodic colic. Finally, a blend of natural intestinal herbs supports a balanced gut flora, promoting healthy digestion and normal manure production.

Always consult your vet before using any supplement during an active colic episode.

Why acting fast during colic can save your horse’s life

Colic is a serious condition that, without timely intervention, can have fatal consequences. In advanced cases, the intestines may rupture or die off, leading to septicemia (blood poisoning), shock, and eventually death. It’s an extremely painful process for the horse. The sooner you recognize the signs of colic and take action, the greater the chance of recovery without the need for surgery. Never wait it out—immediate veterinary care is essential.

Horse colic surgery

In certain cases, colic requires surgery to untwist or remove part of the intestine. Colic surgery in horses is expensive, but can be life-saving. Recovery often requires weeks of rest and specialized care. Make sure to discuss all of the options and costs with your local veterinarian.

How can I reduce the risk of colic in my horse?

While colic can’t always be prevented, there are many steps horse owners can take to significantly reduce the risk. Supporting digestive health, providing a stable environment, and making thoughtful management choices are key. Here’s what you can do:

• Feed consistent, high-quality forage
• Ensure constant access to clean water
• Introduce dietary changes gradually
• Offer daily turnout and regular exercise
• Use supplements like HorseFlex Psyllium and Gastro Support
• Deworm regularly and check fecal counts
• Avoid feeding large amounts of starch or grain
• Minimize stress with a stable routine