Coughing in horses: Causes, symptoms and treatments

Coughing is common in horses, but if it is frequent or persistent, it may indicate underlying health problems. Understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms and knowing the right treatments are essential for any horse owner. In this blog, we take a closer look at why your horse coughs and what steps you can take to effectively address the problem. So please read on!

Why is my horse coughing?

Horses, much like humans, can cough for various reasons. The cough reflex in horses is activated when receptors in their airways respond to irritants such as dust, pollen, bacteria, or viruses. While occasional coughing is normal, frequent episodes may indicate a more serious issue that needs attention.

Environmental triggers

• Dust and poor ventilation: Horses kept in dusty barns or stalls with poor air circulation are at higher risk of coughing.
• Seasonal allergies: Horses may cough more during certain times of the year, particularly in spring and summer when pollen is abundant.

Infections and viruses

• Respiratory infections: Conditions like equine influenza or strangles can cause sudden coughing, often accompanied by a runny nose and fever.
• Bacterial infections: Bacterial pneumonia can cause a persistent cough, often with mucus production.

Equine asthma (Heaves)

Similar to asthma in humans, equine asthma causes inflammation in the lungs, leading to coughing, wheezing, and breathing difficulties.

Parasites

Lungworms: Horses can develop coughing as a result of parasitic infections, particularly when the larvae migrate through the lungs.

Other underlying issues

• Hay quality: Dusty hay is a common cause of respiratory irritation. If your horse coughs while eating hay, it may be reacting to the dust in the hay.
• Exercise: Some horses cough after strenuous exercise, which can be a sign of respiratory distress or asthma.

When should you worry about your horse coughing?

Although occasional coughing is usually not a problem, consult a veterinarian if:

• The cough persists for more than a few days.
• Your horse produces mucus or has a runny nose.
• The cough worsens during exercise.
• You notice wheezing or labored breathing.
• Your horse seems lethargic or has a decreased appetite.

If your horse is coughing frequently or showing any of these signs, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian to determine the underlying cause.

Types of coughs in horses

Acute coughing

This sudden onset cough is often caused by viruses, allergies, or irritants. With proper treatment, it usually resolves within a few weeks.

Chronic coughing

If coughing continues over an extended period, it can cause long-term lung damage. This type is often linked to equine asthma or ongoing respiratory issues. Early intervention is crucial to prevent irreversible harm.

How to treat coughing in horses

Treatment for a coughing horse depends on the cause of the cough. Here are a few general approaches:

• Veterinary care: Always consult with your vet to get a proper diagnosis. They may recommend tests to identify infections, allergies, or other conditions.
• Improve stable conditions: Ensure your horse has adequate ventilation, clean bedding, and low-dust feed. Consider using wood shavings or hemp bedding instead of straw.
• Medications: In some cases, your vet may recommend medications.
• Adjust diet: Soaking hay for 30 minutes can reduce dust, or you can switch to a low-dust hay.
• Limit exercise: If your horse is coughing heavily, it may be best to reduce exercise until the cough subsides or the underlying condition is treated.

Can I ride my horse if they are coughing?

It’s advisable to refrain from riding a horse that is coughing heavily, especially if accompanied by wheezing, mucus production, or labored breathing. Exercise can exacerbate respiratory issues and stress the lungs further. Always consult your veterinarian before resuming any physical activity.

Preventing coughing in horses

While some causes of coughing, like allergies or infections, can’t always be avoided, there are steps you can take to minimize the risk:

• Keep the stable clean: Maintain a well-ventilated, clean stable environment with proper bedding.
• Feed low-dust hay: Choose high-quality hay or soak it to reduce dust exposure.
• Provide regular exercise: A healthy, active horse with strong lungs is better able to resist respiratory issues.

Supplements to support your coughing horse

Incorporating natural supplements can bolster your horse’s respiratory health:

Fenugreek

Fenugreek is an herb that ensures healthy airways and more breathing freedom with horses. It also contributes to good digestion, has a soothing effect on the respiratory tract and is good for the general resistance. For lactating horses it is a nice herb to support a good milk production.

Thyme

Thyme is naturally rich in thymol, an essential oil with strong antibacterial properties. Thus supports the throat & respiratory tract and has a protective effect on mucous membranes. Thyme also contributes to a good resistance and digestion.

Respiratory Mix

The Respiratory Mix is a blend of four powerful, beneficial herbs with a positive effect on the respiratory system. The composition of big plantain, lungwort, glowwort and the royal candle help maintain healthy airways, mucous membranes and good breathing.

Black cumin oil

Black cumin oil oil supports your horse’s respiratory system, the immune system, the digestive system and the skin. This oil is naturally rich in saturated and especially unsaturated fatty acids!